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§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §è§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§í §ß§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç?

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§¢§Ö§ã§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û.

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§¥§å§Þ§Ñ§ð, §Þ§ß§Ö §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§ä§î §ä§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §å§Ø§Ñ§ã§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ñ §ä§Ñ§Þ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý.

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§¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §æ§à§â§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§£ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §á§à-§á§â§Ö§Ø§ß§Ö§Þ§å §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §é§Ö§â§ß§à§Ü§à§Ø§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ü§à§Ý§à§â§Ú§Ù§Þ.

§£§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §à§ß§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§ð§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§å§ð §Õ§Ú§æ§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.

§®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§è§í §Ú §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ä §ß§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§å§ð §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§å §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §ß§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §ß§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ß§Ú §Ú§ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§ª §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ö §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§í?

§®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§à§Þ §â§å§Ü §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.

§®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§à§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ô§â§å§á§á, §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û, §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§à§Ó, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ý§Ú§è, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö.

§£§à§ä §á§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §ï§ä§à§ä §¥§Ö§ß§î §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß ¡ª §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §à§ß §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à §ä§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Û §Ú §á§à§Ù§à§â§ß§à§Û §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ö §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú.

§¿§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§ä§à §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó§à§Û §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú, §Ú §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ê§å §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ, §Ü§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý §Þ§å§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§î §Ö§Û.

§¿§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ý§ñ§ß§å§ä§î §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö.

§¥§Ø§à§â§Õ§Ø §°§â§å§ï§Ý§Ý §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à ?§ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û ¡ª §ï§ä§à §à§ä§â§Ú§è§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú?.

§±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª ?§¢§à§â§î§Ò§Ñ §ã §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ? ¡ª §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ.

§®§í §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ.

§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ, §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ß§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§ä§î §å§â§à§Ü§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ß§Ñ§ã.

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§¯§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ï§ä§à§ä §Õ§à§Ý§Ô §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ó§à§á§Ý§à§ä§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î, §Þ§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§é§Ö§Ò§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í.

§®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§à§ã§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú §à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§î §â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§å§ð §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§®§í §Ó§ã§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §Ó§í§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §°§Ý§Ñ§å§Õ§í §¿§Ü§Ó§Ú§Ñ§ß§à §ß§Ñ §³§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §á§å§ä§Ú.

§©§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ 1791 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ö §³§Ñ§ß-§¥§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ô§à (§ß§í§ß§Ö ¡ª §¤§Ñ§Ú§ä§Ú).

§³§à§Ý§Ú§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î §©§å§Þ§Ò§Ú §Õ§å§ã §±§Ñ§Ý§Þ§Ñ§â§Ú§ã§Ñ §ã §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ä§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§³§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à §Ô§Ñ§â§Ú§æ§å§ß§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ü§Ö§â§à §Ú §á§Ñ§á§î§ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à.

§®§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó ¡ª §à§ä §¶§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ §¥§å§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ñ §Õ§à §¤§Ñ§â§â§Ú§Ö§ä §¢§Ú§é§Ö§â-§³§ä§à§å §Ú §¤§Ñ§â§â§Ú§Ö§ä §´§Ñ§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß.

§¿§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Û§ß§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §ã§Þ§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§î§ð, §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§î §Ô§à§ã§á§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú§Õ§Ö§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú.

§¿§ä§à §Ö§ë§Ö §Ú §ß§Ñ§ê§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §à§á§Ö§â§Ú§â§å§ñ §ß§Ö§à§ã§á§à§â§Ú§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§î §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à§Ò §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç, §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §à §á§â§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ç§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö ¡ª §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§Ú§Ü§ä§à §Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú 15 §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§à§ß§à§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü, §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Þ§í §é§ä§Ú§Þ §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ.

§´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §å§â§à§Ü§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¢§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú, §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §å§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ð §Ó§Ñ§ã.

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on view at the Rijksmuseum¡¯s website.

 

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