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§®§Ñ§â§Ú§ñ §¿§Ý§Ú§ã§Ñ §£§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ü§Ö§ã §¤§å§ä§î§Ö§â§â§Ö§ã, §Ò§í§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §À§¯§¦§³§¬§° ?§¯§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Û §á§å§ä§î?
Maher Nasser§®§Ñ§ç§Ö§â §¯§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§â, §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à-§á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý, §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §°§°§¯, §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü
Lisa Coleman,

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Yoann Lopez§«§à§Ñ§ß§ß §­§à§á§Ö§ã, §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Ú §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §¢§à§â§Õ§à
Angela Melo§¡§ß§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ §®§Ö§Ý§à, §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §³§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §À§¯§¦§³§¬§°
Webster§µ§ï§Ò§ã§ä§Ö§â, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ú §Ó §Ø§Ñ§ß§â§Ö §ç§Ú§á-§ç§à§á, §á§â§Ö§á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î, §®§à§ß§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î

 

 

 


§¥§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ý§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú. §¢§â§Ú§æ§Ú§ß§Ô §ã §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Þ§í, §Ü§ã§Ö§ß§à§æ§à§Ò§Ú§Ú, §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ö§Û COVID-19

 

 

§£ §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§â§Ú§æ§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §ã §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ¡ª §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ö§Û COVID-19, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ò§à§â§à§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§ã§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ

 

18 §Þ§Ñ§ñ 2020 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. ¡ª §³§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §á§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§ß§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ (16 §Þ§Ñ§ñ) §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 300 §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ã§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß-§Ó§Ö§Ò§Ú§ß§Ñ§â, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ö§Û COVID-19. §£§Ú§â§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §á§à§Õ §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ ?§±§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Þ§í, §Ü§ã§Ö§ß§à§æ§à§Ò§Ú§Ú, §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú? §Ò§í§Ý§à §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§à§Û §°§°§¯ ?§±§à§Þ§ß§Ú §à §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö? §Ó §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §³§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§à§Û §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ?§·§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§ã§ä §Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û?.

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§±§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü, §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í§Û §Ó §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ö 2015 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß 15 §Þ§Ý§ß §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß, §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ú §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§à§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú §å§Ó§Ö§Ù§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ §¡§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß §á§à ?§³§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ§å §á§å§ä§Ú? §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §ã XV §á§à XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü.

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§µ §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §à §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ö ?§­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §ä§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Þ §è§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ §Ü§à§Ø§Ú: §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ö? §Ú §à §Ó§í§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ñ. §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Þ§å§Ù§Ö§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §­§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§á§å§Ý§Ö, §¡§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§ñ, §Ó 2017 §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û §á§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§ß§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú.

§¬§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ ¡ª §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Ñ§æ§â§à§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§ß§Ú§Ü, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú, §ã 26 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ §á§à 1 §ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§ñ, §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û ¡ª §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú, §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ß§å, §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ ¡ª ?§¬§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ? ¡ª §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §à§ä §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§í §ß§Ñ §ã§å§Ñ§ç§Ú§Ý§Ú ?matunda ya kwanza?, §é§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä ?§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §á§Ý§à§Õ§í §å§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ñ?; §¬§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö §ã §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß.

§¿§Ü§ã§Ü§å§â§ã§Ú§ñ §á§à ?§¬§à§Ó§é§Ö§Ô§å §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ? §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ ?§¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§â§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö? 27 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ §Ó §é§Ö§ã§ä§î ?§Ü§å§Õ§Ø§Ú§é§Ñ§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§Ñ? (?§ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö?). §±§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§å ?§å§Þ§à§Õ§Ø§Ñ? (?§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à?) §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§í §á§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§ß§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ 26 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ, §Ñ ?§å§Õ§Ø§Ú§Þ§Ñ? (?§Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §ä§â§å§Õ §Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î?) §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§Þ§à§Û §á§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û 28 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ.

§¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü ?§¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§â§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö? §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§â§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§î§ð 2,6 §Ô§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §ã 1690-§ç §á§à 1794 §Ô§à§Õ §ç§à§â§à§ß§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§í§ç, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §á§à§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§è§Ö§Ó. §©§Ñ§ç§à§â§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ó 1991 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ö, §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §¯§Ú§Ø§ß§Ú§Û §®§Ñ§ß§ç§ï§ä§ä§Ö§ß.

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§²§å§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ §®§Ñ§ç§Þ§å§Õ§à§Ó ¡ª §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§Ü §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í ?§±§à§Þ§ß§Ú §à §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö?, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §³§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à-§á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à-§á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú; §¡§Ñ§Þ§ß§Ñ §²§Ñ§ê§Ú§Õ, §Ó §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §é§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö§ç§Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§é§ß§å§ð §ã§ä§Ñ§Ø§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§å §Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §¬§Ú§Þ§Ò§Ö§â§Ý§Ú §®§Ñ§ß§ß.

 


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The role of memorials in preserving history event photo

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Exhibit -Remember Slavery: Recognition, Justice and Development, Photo: DPI

§£§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ñ ?§±§à§Þ§ß§Ú §à §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö: §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö?; §æ§à§ä§à: §¥§°§ª

 

George Washington University event, Photo: DPI

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Exhibit -Remember Slavery: Recognition, Justice and Development, Photo: DPI

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George Washington University event, Photo: DPI

§®§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ. §¥§Ø§à§â§Õ§Ø§Ñ §£§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ô§ä§à§ß§Ñ; §æ§à§ä§à: §¥§°§ª

 

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Assistant Secretary General Nestor Mendez makes opening remarks at OAS event, Photo: OAS

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Panel at OAS event, Photo: OAS

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Audience at OAS event, Photo: OAS

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§°§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§í ?§®§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§å§ä§Ö§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§í?

 

participants in discussion

§µ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ý§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ñ, 14 §Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯/§²§Ú§Ü §¢§Ñ§Õ§Ø§à§â§ß§Ñ§ã

 

14 §Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª §°§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú §ã §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §è§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§ß§Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú. §¬§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§í §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§Þ§å "§®§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§å§ä§Ö§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§í", §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ 14 §Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ö, §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §â§Ú§ä§Þ§í §Ú §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú §ã §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §â§à§Õ§Ú§ß§í, §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í §Ú§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§í§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ú §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§ð §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ò§í§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§Ö, §ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Ú §ä§Ñ§ß§è§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ "§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú", §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§å §Ú §ä§Ñ§ß§è§í §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä. §³§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §ê§Ñ§Ô §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §á§å§ä§Ö§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¿§ä§à§ä §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ§ã§î §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§à§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §à§ß§Ú §Ó §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §Õ§ß§Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ó§à§ð §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð, §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý §Ú §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§è§Ö§Ó.

"§®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §å§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ô §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ö §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú", ¨C §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Õ-§â §®§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ §®§à§â§Ö§ß§à §£§Ö§Ô§Ñ, §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§à§â §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ú §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §¬§Ñ§â§Ú§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§í, §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ö. §¥-§â §£§Ö§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§í, §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ó§ã§Ö §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú: "§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú".

§°§ß§Ñ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§à§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§í §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó §ß§Ö§Ó§í§ß§à§ã§Ú§Þ§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§Ú, §á§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í. "§¿§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý §Õ§å§ç §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ñ", ¨C §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §à§ß§Ñ.

§¢§â§Ú§æ§Ú§ß§Ô, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ó 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§ß§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú, §Ò§í§Ý §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §³§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §³§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§ñ§Þ §ã §¯§±§° §Ú §á§â§à§á§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§£ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§à§Û §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ú §Ú §ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ö§Ó, §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â §¬§â§Ö§Û§Ô §¢§à§Û§Õ §Ú§Ù §°§Ò§ë§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ô§Ñ §³§Ñ§æ§æ§à§Ý§Ü §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ç. "§®§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§Ö§ç §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§á§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ô§à§ã§á§Ö§Ý, §Õ§Ø§Ñ§Ù, §Ò§Ý§ð§Ù §Ú §â§à§Ü-§ß-§â§à§Ý§Ý §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §Ó §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §º§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ç §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú", ¨C §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §à§ß.

§¥-§â §®§Ö§Ý§Ú§ã§ã§Ñ §¤§à§ß§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ã, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ö§á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §·§Ñ§ß§ä§Ö§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ö §Ú §¤§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö §Ô. §®§à§ß§ä§Ü§Ý§Ö§â, §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Ó §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ò§ð§â§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î,  §é§ä§à §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ý§à§Õ§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ß§Ú §ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î, §Ò§Ö§â§å§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à §ß§Ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ö. §¥-§â §¤§à§ß§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ã §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Ú §ä§Ñ§ß§è§í §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ó §Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ö, §Ñ§â§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ä§Ñ§ß§Ô§à §Ú §Ü§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§Ú.

§¥-§â §±§Ú§ä§Ö§â §®§Ñ§ß§å§ï§Ý§î, §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ï§ä§ß§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ú §Ó §¬§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §¥§Ø§à§ß§Ñ §¥§Ø§Ö§ñ §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ß§ä§å§â§í §¤§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§è§í §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ò§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ß §Ó §´§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Õ§Ö, §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ã§à §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §é§Ú§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó. §°§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §à§Ò§Ù§à§â §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §â§Ú§ä§Þ§à§Ó §Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§é§Ö§ß§î §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í §Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §¬§Ñ§â§Ú§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ, §ß§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ß §Ü§à§ß§Ô§à, §Ò§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ß§í §Ò§Ñ§ä§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ò§â§Ú§ñ.

§¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §á§å§ä§Ö§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û  §Ú §ß§Ñ  "§±§à§Þ§ß§Ú §à §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö".

 


§°§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§í ?§±§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §à §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö: §°§ä §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ §¢§Ñ§ß§ã §Õ§à §¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ú?

 

participants in discussion

§µ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ý§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ñ, 24 §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯/§²§Ú§Ü §¢§Ñ§Õ§Ø§à§â§ß§Ñ§ã

 

24 §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª §£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ü§Ú §ä§í§ã§ñ§é §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§Ó §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§í §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ö§Ù§Ö§ß§í §Ó §¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§å §ã §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ §¢§Ñ§ß§ã, §³§î§Ö§â§â§Ñ-§­§Ö§à§ß§Ö. §³§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ö§Û §Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§à§ä§à§Þ§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§Ó §Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Û. §®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§Ó §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ú§ã§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í, §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ú §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ó§Õ§à§Ý§î §Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§î§ñ §¥§Ø§à§â§Õ§Ø§Ú§Ú §Ú §À§Ø§ß§à§Û §¬§Ñ§â§à§Ý§Ú§ß§í, §¯§à§Ó§à§Û §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §Ú §Á§Þ§Ñ§Û§Ü§Ú.

§³ §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú 24 §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §±§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §³§î§Ö§â§â§Ñ-§­§Ö§à§ß§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Ý§à §Ó §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ö §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§à§Ö §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§ß§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú. §¿§ä§à §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §á§à§Õ §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ "§´§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§ñ: §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §Þ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å "§¡§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Õ", §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§à§Þ §¢§Ñ§ß§ã, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ñ, §Þ§Ñ§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §¯§à§Ó§à§Û §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ö§Û", §Ò§í§Ý§à §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §ã §±§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Á§Þ§Ñ§Û§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ú §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §³§î§Ö§â§â§Ñ-§­§Ö§à§ß§Ö §Ú §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§à§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û "§±§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §à §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö".

§¦§Ô§à §±§â§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô-§ß §£§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú §¹§Ú§Õ§Ú §®§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç, §±§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §³§î§Ö§â§â§Ñ-§­§Ö§à§ß§Ö §á§â§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §á§à§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Þ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ §à§ä §á§à§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §Ó§ã§Ö§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ö§Û §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Û §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ï§Þ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ü§à§Ø§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. "§³§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §å §ß§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ö§ß§î §ä§à§â§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, ¨C §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §á§à§ã§à§Ý §®§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç. ¨C §³§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §Þ§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Ö, §ß§à §Ú §à§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§á§í§ä §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö". §³§à §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ô-§Ø§Ñ §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ §¤§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ñ§ç, §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §á§à §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ú §¦§Ö §±§â§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô-§Ø§Ñ §º§à§â§ß§Ñ-§¬§Ö§Û §²§Ú§é§Ñ§â§Õ§ã, §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §±§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Á§Þ§Ñ§Û§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û.

§°§Ü§à§Ý§à 400 §ä§í§ã. §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §å§â§à§Ø§Ö§ß§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §³§î§Ö§â§â§Ñ-§­§Ö§à§ß§Ö, §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ý§Ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ-§â §³§Ú§Ý§î§Ó§Ú§Ñ§ß§Ñ §¡. §¥§Ú§å§æ, §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §­§Ñ§á§Ú§Õ§å§ã§à§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú §º§à§Þ§Ò§å§â§Ô§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§æ§â§à§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Û §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ú. §¿§ä§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §Ó §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ö, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §à§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à§Þ §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ó. "§¿§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ñ", ¨C §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Õ-§â §¥§Ú§å§æ, §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ó§ê§Ñ§ñ §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ð §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§±§à §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Õ-§â§Ñ §¥§Ú§å§æ, §ã §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Þ. "§±§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ã§à§á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Ö §ã §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Þ", ¨C §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §à§ß§Ñ.

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speaker at Fordham Universitygroup photo at Fordham University

 

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Irina Bokova speaking at the discussionwide view of panel

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§¦§Ô§à §±§â§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô-§ß §®§Ñ§é§Ñ§â§Ú§ñ §¬§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§å, §±§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §¬§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §ä§à§é§Ü§Ö §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §°§ß §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§Ý §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ý §Þ§à§ë§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å. 

 

§¦§Ô§à §±§â§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô-§ß §¤§Ú§Ý§î§Ö§â§Þ§Ö §±§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§à§ä§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §±§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §¢§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§ã§à§Ò§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §¢§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ú, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Ö§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ý§Ú§è §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §±§à §Ö§Ô§à §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ê§Ñ§Ô§à§Þ §Ó §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §¢§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. 

 

§¤-§ß §¡§Õ§à§ß§Ú§ñ §¡§Û§Ö§Ò§Ñ§â§Ö, §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ú§Û §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü §®§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ð§Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ö§á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§Ý§Ú§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Û §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §°§ß §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý ¡­(?) 

 

§²§Ñ§Ù§Þ§í§ê§Ý§ñ§ñ §à §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ö ?§£§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú?, §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §æ§à§â§å§Þ§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ó§à§ð §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ú §Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 35 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ú §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 230 §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú 54 §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í. 

 

§¤-§ß §¡§Ý§Ú §®§å§ã§ã§Ñ §¡§Û§Ö, §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §°§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ñ, §À§¯§¦§³§¬§°, §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä ?§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§Ù§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§å §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð?. §°§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §å§é§Ö§Ò§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §Ú §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§à§Û IX §ä§à§Þ§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú, §à§ß §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý: ?§®§í §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Ö §Ý§Ú§è §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §å§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í§Þ §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û?. 

 

§¤-§ß §¨§Ñ§ß-§®§Ú§ê§Ö§Ý§î §®§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ü§à-§´§Ñ§Û, §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §¤§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §è§Ö§Ý§î §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ö§ä§ñ§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú ¨C §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Û §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §°§ß §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§Ý §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ.  

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§£§ä§à§â§ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú, §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â §®§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Õ§å §¥§Ú§å§æ, §é§Ý§Ö§ß §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú II §´§à§Þ§Ñ IX ?§¤§¡§¯§¡: §©§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú: §£§à§ã§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§ñ§ã§î §ã §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ö§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú?, §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§Ý §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Û §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. 

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