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Progress towards meeting the goals and targets of the IPoA has been mixed. Over the past five years, continued progress by the LDCs towards graduation from the category – which is one of the overarching goals of the IPoA – could be observed, with 10 LDCs currently at some stage in the graduation process. Furthermore important strides were?made towards several goals and targets. For example mobile cellular subscriptions almost doubled from 33 per 100 people in 2010 to 63 in 2014.

Being at the midpoint of the implementation of the IPoA, the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries?and Small Island Developing States (OHRLLS) invited LDCs to review the status of the implementation of the IPoA at the national level and to highlight among others, lessons learned, challenges faced (including new and emerging challenges) and initiatives needed to overcome them.

This document sets out a comprehensive set of recommendations that have been, or could be, made by the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Group to the UN Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (OWG-SDGs), as well as a detailed justification for recommendations of greatest relevance and importance to LDCs.

The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS) is presenting the?State of the Least Developed Countries 2014?as part of its mandated analytical activities on the eight priority areas of the Istanbul Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020. The second of its type, the report is intended to substantively backstop follow-up in each area.

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When United Nations Member States gathered in Istanbul in 2011 at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), it was with the view to express global solidarity and renew commitments to support strong and sustainable growth and development in this poorest and most vulnerable group of nations. The Istanbul Declaration and Istanbul Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020 encapsulate such solidarity and commitments.

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Soon after the creation of the United Nations Office of the High Representative in early 2002, the Open Forum for Partnership was launched as a platform for entities of the United Nations system, policy makers, academia and development practitioners, often located outside New York, to share their perspectives on development challenges that face the three most vulnerable groups of countries: the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), the Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) and the Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

Following on the outcome of the 2010 High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations Secretary-General established the UN System Task Team in September 2011 to support UN system-wide preparations for the post-2015 UN development agenda, in consultation with all stakeholders.

Climate change affects all, but it does not affect us equally. Nor do we possess the same capacity to respond to its challenges.?As is often the case, the most vulnerable countries – particularly the Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States – find themselves in the worst situation once again.?In these countries, climate change is already affecting economic growth, health indica- tors, water availability, food production and the fragile ecosystems.

Governance for the future: Democracy and Development in the Least Developed Countries?documents the important strides being made bt the world's poorest nations to achieve better governence and show that poverty is not an insurmintable barrier to democracy. The report also rightly stresses the need for stronger partnership between LDCs and the international community so that the LDCs can sustain this momentum and build up their human and institutionnal capacities.