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SSR Week 2024

Security sector reform and governance (SSR&G) must respond to a myriad of challenges – some old, some new... but all important. From 3-7 June, SSR Week 2024 will reflect on five topics at the cutting edge of SSR&G, including climate, corruption, the Pact for the Future, sustainable development and women's participation in the defence sector.

During SSR Week, we will explore one of these topics each day. We look forward to hearing your views on X: . To learn more, check out the SSR Week 2024 specific .

SSR&G Priorities for the Pact for the Future 

? UNDP Somalia | Ali Adan Abdi
                                                                    ?UNDP Somalia/Ali Adan Abdi

From 22 to 23 September 2024, the General Assembly will hold a ‘Summit of the Future’  (Summit of the Future website - EN | United Nations). There, Member States will aim to agree on an action-oriented Pact for the Future to accelerate work to meet existing international commitments. Among its five focus areas, the Pact includes issues on sustainable development and international peace and security – for which security sector reform and governance is critical. In the run-up to the summit, SSR Week 2024 will raise some important priorities for the Pact, which Member States might wish to consider during their deliberations.  

First and foremost, the Pact must reflect the centrality of effective, accountable and inclusive national security sectors, which operate on the basis of the rule of law and human rights, to both sustainable development and international peace and security.  

It should also acknowledge the importance of national security sectors in helping humankind address the many risks and threats identified in the Pact.  

This could include specific commitments to:   

  • Strengthen national security sectors to provide effective, accountable and inclusive security for all – including to address the many threats and risks identified in the Pact; 

  • Ensure greater participation of women and youth in national security decision making, as well as in all security institutions; 

  • Urgently strengthen national security sectors to provide effective and accountable security during the climate crisis, specifically through mitigation, adaptation, response and cooperation. 

  • Urgently allocate, on request, climate-related SSR&G support, specifically in the areas of mitigation, adaption, response and cooperation, to conflict affected, transition and developing countries within the Green Climate Fund and Official Development Assistance per the Paris Agreement. 

 

Sustainable Development & SSR&G 

                                                                                       ??UN/Staton Winter

Inadequate governance within the security sector not only heightens the risk of violent conflict. It also forms a barrier to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).  To effectively address this challenge, it’s imperative not only to foster effective, accountable and inclusive security institutions but also to ensure the integration and localization of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda within the security sector. To achieve this, priorities must include: 

  • For security institutions to adhere to the ECOSOC Principles of Effective Governance for Sustainable Development; 

  • For Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to prioritize SSR&G within their national development or recovery plans to address security concerns adequately; 

  • To secure predictable, adequate, and sustained financing for SSR&G. For example, collaborative efforts, such as UN-World Bank public expenditure reviews (PERs) of the security sector, are instrumental in enhancing the quality of security expenditures and driving progress towards sustainable development. 

Women's Participation in the Security Sector 

                                                                         ?MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti

Promoting gender equality and women’s participation in the security sector is critical for building more effective, accountable, inclusive and responsive institutions. Significant cultural, policy, legal and institutional barriers for women’s participation still persist. Lack of representation and diversity in the security sector not only undermines the rights of women but also constitutes a missed opportunity with respect to operational effectiveness, harnessing broadened skillsets and reflecting the communities which security services serve.  

Where security forces commit human rights abuses, including sexual and gender-based violence, trust between communities and security actors continues to be eroded, which is often compounded by impunity. Gendered abuses committed by security forces, as well as barriers to women’s participation, fuel grievances and contribute to drivers of fragility and conflict. 

To address this, Member States can draw from a range of good practices to promote full, equal, and meaningful women’s participation in the security sector and to build trust between forces and communities, including:  

  • Conducting barrier assessments that identify obstacles to women’s participation in national defence; 

  • Instituting temporary special measures to increase women’s representation, such as gender parity quotas, affirmative actions, review of gender-discriminative laws and human resources policies; 

  • Strengthening oversight and accountability mechanisms to end impunity for all forms of violence against women within and outside of security institutions. 

Climate Change &                        SSR&G 

                                                                                 ??UNEP/Celine Barakat

As the United Nations Secretary-General has warned, “we are on a highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator”. National security sectors must urgently mitigate, adapt to, respond to, and cooperate (MARC) during the climate crisis, both as an operational imperative and, in the context of the Paris Agreement, to effectively fulfil their respective State’s legal and moral obligations under international climate law, as well as under international human rights law and toward the successful realization of our Sustainable Development Goals. National security sectors must urgently ‘MARC’ climate change with substantial changes of their own, before – as the Secretary-General has also warned – we are “out of road and time”. 

This includes:  

  • Mitigating and preventing their own negative impact on climate change, as well as that of criminality; 

  • Adapting to ‘climate-constrained’ environments, such that they can continue to deliver effective and accountable security, regardless of what the climate ‘throws at them’; 

  • Responding to climate crises, as well as climate-related insecurity, violence and conflict, both strategically and operationally; and  

  • Cooperating with one another, both nationally and internationally, including as part of sustained ‘green-SSR’ assistance.   

Anti-corruption & SSR&G 

                                                                                                  ?UNDP CAR

When security institutions become prone to corruption and operate with impunity, they endanger national development, and breed political instability and socio-economic fragility. Security sector reform helps fight corruption. Increasingly, the United Nations applies an anticorruption lens when implementing Security Council mandates on security sector reform. These good practices include: 

  • Help Host States implement the United Nations Convention against Corruption and the relevant resolutions of the Conference of the States Parties; 

  • Gear up efforts to analyze the political economy of the security sector in the framework of structural prevention approaches; 

  • Prevent or mitigate predatory and corrupt behaviors among security and defence forces as part of broader efforts to restore or extend state authority; 

  • Work with partners – national and international – in virtually all peace operation settings to weed out corruption from the security sector; 

  • Roll out tailored confidence-building measures to generate impetus for post conflict change; and  

  • Coordinate international SSR assistance to create enabling conditions?for long-term transformation, thus facilitating the gradual and responsible withdrawal of peace operations.??