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§° §Õ§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §Ó §á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §º§Ó§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§ä §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §£§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§ç §¥§à§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §³§ä§à§â§à§ß.

§¥§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§å §Ý§Ú§ê§î §Ô§à§Õ §ã§á§å§ã§ä§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §º§Ó§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§å. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Õ§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ò§í§Ý§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§Ö, §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ã§Ú§Ý§í §Õ§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú, §Ó§à §Ó§ã§ñ§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §Õ§à §ä§Ö§ç §á§à§â, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§é§Ö§ß§í §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ö§á§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ý§Ú§è, §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú.

§¥§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ã§Ú§Ý§å §Ý§Ú§ê§î §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§í. §°§ß§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§Ö, §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§å §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §à§ß§Ú §Ó§í§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ù §à§Ò§í§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó, §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ú§Ù §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú.

§³§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ñ 143

§º§Ó§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§å§ð §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð §Ó §³§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §º§Ó§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §³§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§å §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §â§Ñ§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç, §á§â§Ú§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú §Õ§Ö§ß§à§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Þ §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û.

§£ §µ§¥§°§³§´§°§£§¦§²§¦§¯§ª§¦ §³§¦§¤§° §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Þ§à§é§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§å§ð §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð.

§µ§¹§ª§¯§¦§¯§° §Ó §¨§Ö§ß§Ö§Ó§Ö 12 §Ñ§Ó§Ô§å§ã§ä§Ñ 1949 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §æ§â§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ù§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ú §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§ç; §à§â§Ú§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ñ§â§ç§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ç §º§Ó§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§à§Û §¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§á§Ú§Ú §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§í §º§Ó§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Þ§å §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§å, §á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Þ§å §Ö§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §Ü §ß§Ö§Û.

 


§ª§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü: §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ: C§Ò§à§â§ß§Ú§Ü §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Õ§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó, §ä§à§Þ I (§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ó§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ): §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í/ §¨§Ö§ß§Ö§Ó§Ñ, 1994 §Ô.